Like humans, dogs suffer from allergies.
Like people, dogs can suffer from allergies to airborne substances such as molds, pollens, dust mites and ingredients in their food, according to the article "Canine Allergies and Symptoms" at medi-vet.com. Dogs can also have allergies to fleas, which can prompt constant scratching and may cause skin irritation and unsightly fur loss. Fortunately, there are treatments for canine allergies that can have your dog feeling better within a day or two.
Symptomatic Therapy
One type of canine allergy treatment is symptomatic therapy, which means treating your dog with certain sprays, ointments and cool baths. You can also give your dog a bath with a medicated shampoo. Baths usually provide only temporary treatment, however. Cortisone sprays and ointments can be more effective, but they should be used only for a short period of time. Check with your veterinarian about using cortisone sprays.
Immunotherapy
Like people, canines can often get allergy relief with immunotherapy or shots. Allergy shots are generally safe for dogs, but they may take a while to be effective. A canine first needs to be tested against allergens such as feathers, molds, wool, trees, insects, pollens and up to 60 other substances. You will need to get your dog off all medication before any tests can be run so that the tests are accurate. On the downside, immunotherapy can be very expensive over time.
Antihistamines
Antihistamines can be an effective treatment for canine allergies. Some veterinarians recommend that a dog owner try several antihistamines before settling on the one that works best. Some antihistamines to consider include clemastine fumarate, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine and terfenadine. Antihistamines are relatively safe for canines. Getting your dog to take the medicine may be your biggest challenge.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids can be used for more severe symptoms such as major skin irritations. They should be used only once during the relatively short allergy season. Besides cortisone, effective corticosteroids can include prednisone and dexamethasone. Always use corticosteroids as a last resort. Side effects can include severe dehydration or thirst, an increased appetite, more frequent urination and mood changes. Long-term use of corticosteroids may cause diabetes or even seizures.
Nutritional Treatments
Some canines may experience reduced symptoms with nutritional supplements such as omega-3 and omega-6, which are essential fatty acids found in fish and plants, respectively. Omega-3 and omega-6 tend to reduce skin inflammation in dogs. These nutritional items can be found at pet stores under brands such as Omega Pet or Derm Caps.
Environment
Along with any treatments, it is best to keep your dog away from the substances to which it is allergic. Run the air conditioning in the spring or summer during peak allergy seasons. Also, consider purchasing a HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter for your home to reduce pollen and dust.
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