The emu is a ratite, or large flightless bird, and is the second tallest bird in the world after the ostrich. It is native to Australia and lives there exclusively.
Anatomy
Emus have vestigial, or rudimentary, wings that can no longer be used for flight. In birds that fly, wing muscles attach to a ridge on the breast bone. This ridge is missing in emus. The reason for this development is unknown, although it is theorized that increased size and running speed made flight unnecessary for survival.
Adaptations
The emu can reach speeds up to 30 miles per hour. They have three forward-facing toes, which are ideal for running at high speeds. They use their small wings like rudders to perform quick turns and outmaneuver predators.
Identification
The emu can grow over 6 feet tall and weigh up to 100 pounds. It can be identified by its shaggy brown feathers, long legs, ostrich-like head and lack of visible wings.
History
The emu was once found in Tasmania, but was wiped out after the arrival of European settlers. Two species of dwarf emu once lived on Kangaroo and King islands, but they are now extinct.
Significance
There have been many species of flightless bird, many of which are now extinct. The ostrich, kiwi, penguin and turkey are some other well-known flightless birds.
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